#!/usr/local/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; my $k = 'qb'; my $v = 'incubator'; print "outer: $k => $v\n"; my %h = ( m => 'Kriemhild Gretchen', s => 'Oktavia von Seckendorff', ); while ( my ( $k, $v ) = each %h ) { print " while: $k => $v\n"; } for my $k ( keys %h ) { my $v = $h{$k}; print " foreach: $k => $v\n"; } print "outer: $k => $v\n";