#include <stdint.h>

// Copy of Mersenne Twister, originally from Wikipedia
// https://github.com/bmurray7/mersenne-twister-examples

// Define MT19937 constants (32-bit RNG)
enum
{
    // Assumes W = 32 (omitting this)
    N = 624,
    M = 397,
    R = 31,
    A = 0x9908B0DF,

    F = 1812433253,

    U = 11,
    // Assumes D = 0xFFFFFFFF (omitting this)

    S = 7,
    B = 0x9D2C5680,

    T = 15,
    C = 0xEFC60000,

    L = 18,

    MASK_LOWER = (1ull << R) - 1,
    MASK_UPPER = (1ull << R)
};

static uint32_t  mt[N];
static uint16_t  index;

// Re-init with a given seed
void RandomInit(const uint32_t seed) {
    uint32_t  i;
    mt[0] = seed;
    for ( i = 1; i < N; i++) {
        mt[i] = (F * (mt[i - 1] ^ (mt[i - 1] >> 30)) + i);
    }
    index = N;
}

static void Twist() {
    uint32_t  i, x, xA;
    for ( i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        x = (mt[i] & MASK_UPPER) + (mt[(i + 1) % N] & MASK_LOWER);
        xA = x >> 1;
        if (x & 0x1) {
            xA ^= A;
        }
        mt[i] = mt[(i + M) % N] ^ xA;
    }

    index = 0;
}

// Obtain a 32-bit random number
uint32_t RandomU32() {
    uint32_t  y;
    int       i = index;
    if (index >= N) {
        Twist();
        i = index;
    }

    y = mt[i];
    index = i + 1;

    y ^= (mt[i] >> U);
    y ^= (y << S) & B;
    y ^= (y << T) & C;
    y ^= (y >> L);
    return y;
}

uint64_t RandomU64() {
    uint32_t a = RandomU32();
    uint32_t b = RandomU32();
    return ((uint64_t) a) << 32 | b;
}